Effect of Induced Mutation for Varietal Improvement of Grapes

📗 In vitro propagation of vitis is applied to increase plant material for cultivation. Cultures were maintained in vitro on MS medium supplemented with various growth regulators such as 2,4-D, BAP, NAA, TDZ and Kin. Comparatively all the hormones alone or in combinations were tried on grape varieties to examine their effects on initiation, as well as on multiplication. The 100% explant sterilization was achieved when free leaf explants of V1 and V2 exposed to 5% sodium hypochlorite for the duration of 5 minute. For V3 the same combination of treatment was found to be effective with 90 % survival of explants. It was observed during the present study that the nodal explants of all the three grape varieties gave 100% contamination free survival when they were treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes. Best Shoot induction was observed in MS 1 medium i.e BAP 1mg/l. While maximum rooting was observed in NAA 1mg/l. The highest callus induction by leaf explants was 95% with V2 on 2.4-D 3mg/l followed by nodal segments on BA 1mg/l + NAA 0.5mg/l. Callogenesis from nodal explants regenerated in roots. By physical mutagenesis it was noted that doses up to 5 Gy helped to increase callus